This research focuses on the architectural design of the silica shell on the Fe3O4 nanoparticle to precisely control and minimize its thickness, with the aim of achieving a final product with optimal saturation magnetization (Ms) or biomedical applications. A rapid and facile microwave-assisted synthesis method was developed for the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@NH2 core–shell nanoparticles with ultra-thin SiO2 shells and excellent magnetic performance. The particle size distribution of the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was in the range of 15–۳۵ nm, with a mean particle size of approximately 21 nm. The mean thickness of the SiO2 shells on the Fe3O4 cores was found to be 3 nm. FTIR analysis also confirmed the successful silica coating on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the successful amino-functionalization of silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Ms of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, and Fe3O4@SiO2@NH2 nanoparticles were found to be 64.4, 59.8, and 52.4 emu/g, respectively. It has been confirmed that the ultra-thin SiO2 coating has a negligible effect on the magnetic characteristics of the nanoparticles. The developed microwave–assisted synthesis method in this study not only provides an interesting, rapid, and facile synthesis route but also results in a product with a narrow particle size distribution, an ultra-thin SiO2 shell, favorable magnetic properties, and improved cell compatibility, which may be used in several different applications, particularly biomedical applications.
